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Scientific Data Sep 2020Human body movements can convey a variety of emotions and even create advantages in some special life situations. However, how emotion is encoded in body movements has...
Human body movements can convey a variety of emotions and even create advantages in some special life situations. However, how emotion is encoded in body movements has remained unclear. One reason is that there is a lack of public human body kinematic dataset regarding the expressing of various emotions. Therefore, we aimed to produce a comprehensive dataset to assist in recognizing cues from all parts of the body that indicate six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise) and neutral expression. The present dataset was created using a portable wireless motion capture system. Twenty-two semi-professional actors (half male) completed performances according to the standardized guidance and preferred daily events. A total of 1402 recordings at 125 Hz were collected, consisting of the position and rotation data of 72 anatomical nodes. To our knowledge, this is now the largest emotional kinematic dataset of the human body. We hope this dataset will contribute to multiple fields of research and practice, including social neuroscience, psychiatry, computer vision, and biometric and information forensics.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Cues; Emotions; Facial Expression; Female; Human Body; Humans; Male; Movement
PubMed: 32901035
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00635-7 -
Respiratory Care Mar 2020The aim of this prospective randomized crossover study was to compare the short-term effects of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy and a 45° head-up tilt to the...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this prospective randomized crossover study was to compare the short-term effects of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy and a 45° head-up tilt to the short-term effects of conventional oxygen (O) therapy in post-abdominal surgery patients.
METHODS
A total of 18 subjects who were successfully weaned from ventilator support after abdominal surgery were included in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups: conventional O was applied in group A for 15 min, and HFNC (60 L/min) was applied in group B for 15 min. A 15-min washout period with conventional O was performed before the interventions were switched in both groups. Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing frequency, ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (P /F ), and subject-reported comfort scores were recorded. Changes in end-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) were calculated with electrical impedance tomography.
RESULTS
Results are presented as the percent change in lung volume compared to baseline during volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation before extubation. HFNC improved EELI in both the ventral (conventional O vs HFNC, -48.2% ± 41.0 vs -30.0% ± 40.3, < .001) and the dorsal (conventional O vs HFNC, -37.0% ± 75.9 vs -26.5% ± 68.4, = .02) regions of the lungs. Subjective subject-reported scores indicated that HFNC was more comfortable than conventional O (conventional O vs HFNC, 5.8 ± 1.5 vs 6.9 ± 1.9, = .02). No differences were found in the other examined parameters. A head-up tilt position with conventional O improved EELI in the dorsal regions (55.9% ± 100.1, < .001) but not in the ventral regions (-37.9% ± 43.1%, = .38) of the lungs compared to HFNC or conventional O alone.
CONCLUSIONS
In post-abdominal surgery subjects who had been extubated, HFNC improved lung volume and patient comfort. A head-up tilt position introduced a heterogeneous increase in EELI in the dorsal regions of the lungs. HFNC therapy may be beneficial in this patient group. (ChiCTR1900020886, http://chictr.org.cn).
Topics: Aged; Airway Extubation; Cannula; Cross-Over Studies; Electric Impedance; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Volume Measurements; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Patient Positioning; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Respiratory Rate; Tomography
PubMed: 31772064
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.07109 -
Journal of Tissue Viability May 2023Soft tissue material properties are vital to human body models that evaluate interactions between the human body and its environment. Such models evaluate internal... (Review)
Review
Soft tissue material properties are vital to human body models that evaluate interactions between the human body and its environment. Such models evaluate internal stress/strain responses in soft tissues to investigate issues like pressure injuries. Numerous constitutive models and parameters have been used to represent mechanical behavior of soft tissues in biomechanical models under quasi-static loading. However, researchers reported that generic material properties cannot accurately represent specific target populations due to large inter-individual variability. Two challenges that exist are experimental mechanical characterization and constitutive modeling of biological soft tissues and personalization of constitutive parameters using non-invasive, non-destructive bedside testing methods. It is imperative to understand the scope and appropriate applications for reported material properties. Thus, the goal of this paper was to compile studies from which soft tissue material properties were obtained and categorize them by source of tissue samples, methods used to quantify deformation, and material models used to describe tissues. The collected studies displayed wide ranges of material properties, and factors that affected the properties included whether tissue samples were in vivo or ex vivo, from humans or animals, the body region tested, body position during in vivo studies, deformation measurements, and material models used to describe tissues. Because of the factors that affected reported material properties, it is clear that much progress has been made in understanding soft tissue responses to loading, yet there is a need to broaden the scope of reported soft tissue material properties and better match reported properties to appropriate human body models.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Human Body; Stress, Mechanical; Biomechanical Phenomena; Finite Element Analysis; Elasticity
PubMed: 36878737
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.02.003 -
Physical and Engineering Sciences in... Mar 2023The knee is one of the most stressed joints of the human body, being susceptible to ligament injuries and degenerative diseases. Due to the rising incidence of knee... (Review)
Review
The knee is one of the most stressed joints of the human body, being susceptible to ligament injuries and degenerative diseases. Due to the rising incidence of knee pathologies, the number of knee X-rays acquired is also increasing. Such X-rays are obtained for the diagnosis of knee injuries, the evaluation of the knee before and after surgery, and the monitoring of the knee joint's stability. These types of diagnosis and monitoring of the knee usually involve radiography under physical stress. This widely used medical tool provides a more objective analysis of the measurement of the knee laxity than a physical examination does, involving knee stress tests, such as valgus, varus, and Lachman. Despite being an improvement to physical examination regarding the physician's bias, stress radiography is still performed manually in a lot of healthcare facilities. To avoid exposing the physician to radiation and to decrease the number of X-ray images rejected due to inadequate positioning of the patient or the presence of artefacts, positioning systems for stress radiography of the knee have been developed. This review analyses knee positioning systems for X-ray environment, concluding that they have improved the objectivity and reproducibility during stress radiographs, but have failed to either be radiolucent or versatile with a simple ergonomic set-up.
Topics: Humans; X-Rays; Reproducibility of Results; Knee Joint; Knee; Radiography
PubMed: 36692683
DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01221-y -
Respiratory Care Jun 2013Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most frequent hospital-acquired infections occurring in intubated patients. Because VAP is associated with higher... (Review)
Review
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most frequent hospital-acquired infections occurring in intubated patients. Because VAP is associated with higher mortality, morbidity, and costs, there is a need to solicit further research for effective preventive measures. VAP has been proposed as an indicator of quality of care. Clinical diagnosis has been criticized to have poor accuracy and reliability. Thus, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has introduced a new definition based upon objective and recordable data. Institutions are nowadays reporting a VAP zero rate in surveillance programs, which is in discrepancy with clinical data. This reduction has been highlighted in epidemiological studies, but it can only be attributed to a difference in patient selection, since no additional intervention has been taken to modify pathogenic mechanisms in these studies. The principal determinant of VAP development is the presence of the endotracheal tube (ETT). Contaminated oropharyngeal secretions pool over the ETT cuff and subsequently leak down to the lungs through a hydrostatic gradient. Impairment of mucociliary motility and cough reflex cannot counterbalance with a proper clearance of secretions. Lastly, biofilm develops on the inner ETT surface and acts as a reservoir for microorganism inoculum to the lungs. New preventive strategies are focused on the improvement of secretions drainage and prevention of bacterial colonization. The influence of gravity on mucus flow and body positioning can facilitate the clearance of distal airways, with decreased colonization of the respiratory tract. A different approach proposes ETT modifications to limit the leakage of oropharyngeal secretions: subglottic secretion drainage and cuffs innovations have been addressed to reduce VAP incidence. Moreover, coated-ETTs have been shown to prevent biofilm formation, although there is evidence that ETT clearance devices (Mucus Shaver) are required to preserve the antimicrobial properties over time. Here, after reviewing the most noteworthy issues in VAP definition and pathophysiology, we will present the more interesting proposals for VAP prevention.
Topics: Biofilms; Drainage; Equipment Design; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Patient Positioning; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated; Respiration, Artificial
PubMed: 23709196
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.02380 -
PloS One 2022There are no published data on the effect of patient and technologist gender and ethnicity attributes on off-centering in CT. Therefore, we assessed the impact of...
There are no published data on the effect of patient and technologist gender and ethnicity attributes on off-centering in CT. Therefore, we assessed the impact of patient and technologist variations on off-centering patients undergoing body CT. With institutional review board approval, our retrospective study included 1000 consecutive adult patients (age ranged 22-96 years; 756 males: 244 females) who underwent chest or abdomen CT examinations. We recorded patient (age, gender, nationality, body weight, height,), technologist gender, and scan-related (scanner vendor, body region imaged, scan length, CT dose index volume, dose length product) information. Lateral and anteroposterior (AP) diameters were recorded to calculate effective diameter and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE). Off-centering represented the distance between the anterior-posterior centers of the scan field of view and the patient at the level of carina (for chest CT) and iliac crest (for abdomen CT). About 76% of the patients (760/1000) were off-centered with greater off-centering for chest (22 mm) than for abdomen (15 mm). Although ethnicity or patient gender was not a significant determinant of off-centering, technologist-patient gender mismatch was associated with a significantly greater frequency of off-centering (p<0.001). Off-centering below the gantry isocenter was twice as common as off-centering above the gantry isocenter (p<0.001). The latter occurred more frequently in larger patients and was associated with higher radiation doses than those centered below the isocenter (p<0.001). Technologists' years of experience and patient factors profoundly affect the presence and extent of off-centering for both chest and abdomen CTs. Larger patients are more often off-centered than smaller patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Positioning; Radiation Dosage; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 35984837
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273227 -
Journal of Caring Sciences Mar 2022Maintaining endotracheal tube intracuff pressure (ETTICP) within an optimal range is crucial for effective ventilation and prevention of aspiration. This study aimed to...
Maintaining endotracheal tube intracuff pressure (ETTICP) within an optimal range is crucial for effective ventilation and prevention of aspiration. This study aimed to determine the effect of changing body position on ETTICP in patients under mechanical ventilation. In the current single-group study, each patient was taken as his/her own control. Thirty patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the study sample. First, the patients were placed in a supine (flat) position, head of the bed was raised to 30 degrees, and ETTICP was set at 25 cmH O as the baseline. Then, the ETTICP changes in the three positions (left lateral, right lateral, and semi-fowler) were compared with the baseline. Interventions were made on a random basis among the patients. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA using SPSS version 13. There was a significant difference among ETTICP means in three different body positions, so that ETTICP was higher in the left lateral position compared to other positions. Moreover, there was a significant difference among ETTICP means 0, 15, 45, and 90 minutes after changing the body position. ETTICP means after 0 and 15 minutes were significantly higher than other times compared to the baseline. ETTICP changes were affected by different body positions and the passage of time. Thus, regular monitoring and adjusting of ETTICP after any body positioning is essential, especially immediately and 15 minutes after repositioning.
PubMed: 35603085
DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2022.03 -
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology... Jul 2022PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the radiation dose received by the operator among different patients' positions via transradial access (TRA) or transfemoral access... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the radiation dose received by the operator among different patients' positions via transradial access (TRA) or transfemoral access (TFA) during transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A total of 120 patients with HCC undergoing TACE for the first time between January and November 2019 were randomized into 4 groups with 30 patients in each group. In group A, patients were placed in the foot-first position with the left upper arm abducted, and TACE was performed via the left radial artery. In group B, patients were placed in the conventional headfirst position with the left hand placed at the left groin, and TACE was performed via the left radial artery. In group C, patients were placed in the conventional head-first position, and TACE was performed via the right radial artery. In group D, patients were placed in the conventional head-first position, and TACE was performed via the right femoral artery. Before each procedure, thermoluminescent dosimeters were taped at 7 different body parts of the operator and the radiation dose was measured and collected after the procedure. The normalized radiation dose was also calculated. Procedural parameters included radiation dose, fluoroscopy time (FT), dose-area product (DAP), and air kerma (AK) were recorded. Patients' demographics, tumor baseline characteristics, radiation dose, and procedural parameters were compared between groups. RESULTS No significant differences were found in patients' demographics, tumor baseline characteristics, as well as in total FT, DAP, and AK. However, significant differences were found in the total radiation dose received by the operator and the doses on the pelvic cavity and the right wrist (P < .05). In group C, the radiation doses received on the pelvic cavity, the right wrist, and the total radiation doses were relatively higher. Significant differences were also found in the normalized radiation doses received by the operator on the thyroid, chest, left wrist, right wrist, and pelvic cavity, and the total normalized doses (all P < .05). Similarly, the radiation doses received by the operator at the aforementioned parts in group C were higher, while those in group A were lower. CONCLUSION No statistically significant differences were observed in the FT, DAP, and AK in TACE via TRA when patients were placed in different positions. However, TACE via the left TRA, with patients in the feet-first position, reduced the radiation dose received by the operator, thereby reducing the radiation risk.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Femoral Artery; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Patient Positioning; Radial Artery; Radiation Dosage
PubMed: 35950283
DOI: 10.5152/dir.2022.211327 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Apr 2021Mammalian young are born with immature brain and rely on the mother's body and caregiving behavior for maturation of neurobiological systems that sustain adult...
Mammalian young are born with immature brain and rely on the mother's body and caregiving behavior for maturation of neurobiological systems that sustain adult sociality. While research in animal models indicated the long-term effects of maternal contact and caregiving on the adult brain, little is known about the effects of maternal-newborn contact and parenting behavior on social brain functioning in human adults. We followed human neonates, including premature infants who initially lacked or received maternal-newborn skin-to-skin contact and full-term controls, from birth to adulthood, repeatedly observing mother-child social synchrony at key developmental nodes. We tested the brain basis of affect-specific empathy in young adulthood and utilized multivariate techniques to distinguish brain regions sensitive to others' distinct emotions from those globally activated by the empathy task. The amygdala, insula, temporal pole (TP), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) showed high sensitivity to others' distinct emotions. Provision of maternal-newborn contact enhanced social synchrony across development from infancy and up until adulthood. The experience of synchrony, in turn, predicted the brain's sensitivity to emotion-specific empathy in the amygdala and insula, core structures of the social brain. Social synchrony linked with greater empathic understanding in adolescence, which was longitudinally associated with higher neural sensitivity to emotion-specific empathy in TP and VMPFC. Findings demonstrate the centrality of synchronous caregiving, by which infants practice the detection and sharing of others' affective states, for tuning the human social brain, particularly in regions implicated in salience detection, interoception, and mentalization that underpin affect sharing and human attachment.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Emotions; Empathy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Kangaroo-Mother Care Method; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mother-Child Relations; Social Learning; Young Adult
PubMed: 33785591
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012900118 -
BMC Urology Feb 2022The current study aimed to assess a novel ureteroscopic technique developed for treating upper urinary calculi based on a specially designed lateral decubitus body...
BACKGROUND
The current study aimed to assess a novel ureteroscopic technique developed for treating upper urinary calculi based on a specially designed lateral decubitus body position that could avoid stone loss by adjusting to the effects of gravity.
METHODS
This retrospective study examined patients with upper urinary calculi who were surgically treated from November 2008 to January 2020, using a new body position and a rigid ureteroscope. Clinical outcomes, stone-free rates, operative times and complications were evaluated, and factors that could influence treatment success were determined.
RESULTS
In total, 1080 patients were included, and 1145 operations were performed. The maximum calculus diameters were 11.22 ± 5.01 mm. Operative times were 48.60 ± 27.44 min. A total of 1042 cases were successfully treated, with a stone-free rate of 91.00%. Multivariate analysis showed that female sex (OR = 2.135, 95% CI 1.332-3.422, P = 0.002), thin scope standby (OR = 1.643, 95% CI 1.074-2.514, P = 0.022), laser lithotripsy (OR = 5.087, 95% CI 2.400-10.785, P = 0.000) and stone size (OR = 0.946, 95% CI 0.912-0.981, P = 0.003) were independently associated with stone-free outcomes. In total, 2 ureteral perforations, 2 ureteric avulsions and 4 urosepsis cases were observed, but were all cured without sequelae.
CONCLUSIONS
Ureteroscopic lithotripsy in the lateral decubitus position is a safe and effective technique for treating upper urinary tract calculi, especially upper ureteral calculi.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Equipment Design; Female; Humans; Lithotripsy; Lithotripsy, Laser; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Positioning; Posture; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Ureteral Calculi; Ureteroscopes; Ureteroscopy
PubMed: 35197025
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-00977-x